Optimization in Fuel Cell Catalyst Layer Composition

Abstract

Catalyst layers are essential in fuel cells and their performances are determined by the ability to enhance reaction rates, proton transport and diffusion of the gases involved. This review first presents fundamental approaches for modifying the catalyst layer such as decreasing the content of Pt, controlling the distribution of the ionomer, and discussing Pt-alternatives. Studying the problem, special attention is paid to increasing the efficiency of mass transport and introducing non-Noble metals, as well as the possible advantages of DPG in proton and mass transport improvement. Improvements which should be sought in the future include the continued development of cheaper materials, application of real time control strategies, and substitution of the traditional ionomers. In the overall goal of enhancing the functionality of the fuel cells besides making them affordable.