Metaphysical Foundations of Moral Decline: A Comparative Study of Indian and Western Ethical Thought

Abstract

ABSTRACT The question of moral decline in contemporary society has prompted scholars to revisit the deeper philosophical roots of ethics. This paper explores how metaphysical principles—across both Indian and Western traditions—form the underlying structure of ethical thought, and how the erosion of these foundations has led to the weakening of values in modern times. Indian philosophy, through Vedānta and dharmic systems, presents morality as an outcome of cosmic order and self-realization. Western metaphysics, from Plato’s idealism to Kant’s rational ethics, emphasizes reason, autonomy, and universality. The study critically analyzes how metaphysical detachment in modern systems—driven by materialism, relativism, and secularism—has contributed to a shift from value-based living to outcome-driven behavior. By comparing traditional metaphysical ethics with current realities, the paper argues for a return to philosophical roots as a solution to moral erosion.